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开题报告 | 论文提纲 | 论文范文 | 论文致谢 | 论文答辩 | 论文格式 | 论文写作
随着个人素质的提高，报告的需求逐渐增加，通常内容丰富、篇幅较长。为了撰写合适的报告，需掌握一定的方法和技巧。以下是小编整理的关于英语毕业论文开题报告的写作指南，希望对大家有所帮助。
● 英语毕业论文开题报告怎么写
论文题目：the Application and Innovation
一、选题的意义和研究现状
1．选题的目的、理论意义和现实意义
长时期以来, 人们视艾米莉?勃朗特为英国文学中的“斯芬克斯”。关于她本人和她的作品都有很多难解之谜, 许多评论家从不同的角度、采用不同的方法去研究, 得出了不同的结论, 因而往往是旧谜刚解, 新谜又出, 解谜热潮似永无休止。
本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究《呼啸山庄》的创作源泉, 指出艾米莉 勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统, 同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力, 将现实与超现实融为一体, 给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力, 达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一, 使《呼啸山庄》既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”, 又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”, 从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。
2．与选题相关的国内外研究和发展概况
二、研究方案
1．研究的基本内容及预期的结果（大纲）
研究的基本内容:本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究《呼啸山庄》的创作源泉, 指出艾米莉勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统, 同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力, 将现实与超现实融为一体, 给陈旧的.形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力, 达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一, 使《呼啸山庄》既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”, 又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”, 从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。
预期的结果（大纲）:
1．A Survey of Gothic
1.1 Definition of Gothic
2. Emily’s Gothic Heritage
2.1 Theme
2.1.1 Good and Evil
2.2 Characters Description
2.2.1 Villainhero
2.2.2 Delicate Young Girl
2.3 Atmosphere, Environment and Plot
2.3.1 Terror
2.3.2 Mystery
2.3.3 Supernatural
3.Emily’s Gothic Innovation
3.1 Combination of romanticism and Realism
3.1.1 Change of the Background
3.1.3 Stream of Consciousness
3.1.4 Illusion and Subconsciousness
3.2. Description of Figure Emotion and Psychology
2．拟采用的研究方法 主要有资料查找、理论探讨研究、阅读法
3.研究所需条件和可能存在的问题
研究所需条件：纸张、打印设备、图书馆、互联网上获取国内外文献资料；可能存在的问题：(1)文献不足; 。
(2) 由于个人的观点和能力，使对研究对象分析不够全面和深入。
三、研究进度安排、参考文献及审查意见
1．研究进度安排
（1）论文指导第一周（学期第八周）：学生完成初稿。
（2）论文指导第二周（学期第九周）：指导教师审阅论文初稿后发回修改。
（3）论文指导第三周（学期第十周）：学生交论文第二稿。
（4）论文指导第四周（学期第十一周）：指导教师审阅第二稿并发回给学生进一步修改。
（5）论文指导第五周（学期第十二周）：定稿
（6）论文指导第六周（学期第十三周）：交定稿的打印稿和电子文本。
（7）论文指导第六周（学期第十三周）：本周星期五至论文指导第七周（学期第周）星期五，指导教师和评阅教师写评语，学生做好答辩准备。
（8）论文指导第七周（学期第十四周）：星期三至论文指导第八周（学期第十五周）开展答辩工作。
2. 应收集资料及主要参考文献（不少于8条）
[2] Gerin, Winifred. 1971. Emily Bronte [M]. New York: Oxford University Press.
[3] Marie, MulveyRoberts. ed. 1998.The handbook to gothic literature [A]. New York: New York University Press. p. 83.
[4] Punter, David. 1980. The Literature of Terror [M]. London: Longman. p. 6.
[7] 肖明翰. 20xx. 英美文学中的哥特传统[J]. 外国文学评论第3期.
[8] 鲜于静. 20xx. 神秘和怪诞的魅力??福克纳小说《八月之光》的哥特艺术研究[MA]. 中国学位论文全文库.
● 英语毕业论文开题报告怎么写
Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies 1 Introduction
The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.
Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science、From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence、Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).
DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective、Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community、Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.
My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation、The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.
The method of DTS is basically descriptive、The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned、Translation phenomena are noted down、With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice、I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.
A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS、"Norm" is operative at every stage of description and explanation、Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies、Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.
The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions、Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.
In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.
● 英语毕业论文开题报告怎么写
1 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
China plays a much more important role in world economic system along with thedevelopment of economic globalization. Economic globalization not only accelerates our country'seconomic growth, but also promotes the speed of international trade all over the world. Thereforeexcellent business communication competence becomes increasingly important as well. As one ofthe language media business English correspondence aims to link overseas and domestic economicentities, exchange information, communicate with each other and deal with business. It plays anextremely important role in the frequent international trade. It is no exaggeration to say, businessEnglish correspondence is used in every step of business activities.
The course of business English writing has almost expanded into every university curriculum.Both foreign and domestic scholars have done researches on business English correspondencefrom the perspective of lexicon, semantic fields, especially based on corpus. There are two majorlarge-scale corpora on business English. One is Nelson's Business English Corpus (BEC for short)accounting for one million words. The other one is Poly U Business Corpora constructed by HongKong Polytechnic University. The Poly U Business Corpora are made up of three comparablecorpora of Chinese, English and Japanese business texts, the majority of which originate from thebusiness and finance sections of newspapers written in those languages, covering news and reportsfrom auditing and accounting to insurance and investments. Each of the corpora has more than onemillion words. It is accessible on line for searching key words to see a concordance taken fromPoly U Business English corpus, which is helpful to students and teachers. It is thus obviously thatbusiness English is quite important so that attracts much attention from linguistic researchers. Ithas been an overriding aim of this project to create a resource for researchers to help furtherknowledge of an area which so far has been the research topic of many scholars.
1.2 Significance of the Study
This thesis makes a relatively complete study of business English correspondence from theperspective of lexical grammar theory and syntactic theory. It takes up business Englishcorrespondence as its research topic and aims to propose some feasible strategies in businessEnglish correspondence writing and teaching. The study expected to achieve both theoretical andpractical significance as follows:
First of all, this study will introduce a new research method. Corpus provides a brand newway for the study of language. It breaks through the traditional method of intuitive experiencemethod and turns to the original analysis of natural language in order to provide a firm foundationand data support for language research in various fields. Traditional intuitive experience methodfocuses on personal experience and intuition, manual methods or introspective method whichcould acquire linguistic knowledge only from limited data of language materials. This method ofacquiring linguistic knowledge is not only inefficiency but also more subjective which inevitablyleads a effect on the accuracy of final result. However, corpus-based approach is totally different.Corpus can find the target data quickly by using computer software for scientific analysis, andovercome the limitation of traditional research on the subjectivity and one-sidedness. Thismacroscopic method can carry on a multi-level and all-rounded research on the basis of a largenumber of real data, and effectively promote the new theoretical model and research paradigm. Italso relies on computer science to achieve its powerful function in language searching, andprovides a new method in linguistic research for the majority of language researchers.
Secondly, a clear understanding of lexical grammar theory could be achieved. Language is atool for human communication which inevitably cannot do without meaning expression andunderstanding. Sinclair broke the previous rules of describing vocabulary and grammar in aseparate way. Therefore, a new point of view has been proposed. That is language should bedescribed by using the way combining vocabulary and grammar which opened up a new path forlanguage description based on a corpus. Then he proposed lexical grammar, and believed thatvocabulary and grammar are equally important, in which vocabulary is the starting point forbuilding the language model. The key aspects about the origin of lexical grammar and thewholeness of lexis and grammar will be discussed in detail in next chapter and this study is basedon the theory of lexical grammar to explore the features of business English correspondence fromlexical and syntactic levels.
Thirdly, after a relatively complete study on the business English correspondence, typicallexical and syntactic features could be worked out.
Fourthly, feasible strategies could be proposed to business English correspondence writingand teaching.
1.3 Layout of the Thesis
In this thesis, the study will do some research on business English correspondence andmanage to summarize some common syntactic features of business English correspondence basedon lexical-grammar theory and syntactic theory. This thesis is divided into the following six parts:
Chapter 1, the introduction part is an introduction concerning the theme of the thesis,including a general introduction of the background and significance of the study and theorganization of the whole thesis.
Chapter 2, a literature review is provided in this chapter, which gives out an overview of thecorpus linguistics and business English correspondence. It first introduces business Englishcorrespondence and corpus linguistics briefly, and then gives a comprehensive introduction tothem which are also discussed here for better understanding to the field that the theory will beapplied to. Relevant studies both on Corpus linguistics and business English correspondence arealso presented at the end of each part.
Chapter 3 introduces the theoretical framework which contains four main parts: principles ofbusiness English correspondence, the application in corpus linguistics, lexical grammar andsyntactic theory. Then Sinclair's lexical grammar theory and syntactic theory will be discussed indetail. In the end of this chapter, the writer will talk about the paper's feasibility.
Chapter 4 addresses the research methodology of the study which includes the corpus-basedquantitative and qualitative method, the corpus and instruments used in the study, the proceduresof the study both in relation to data collection and data processing and concordance.
Chapter 5 is the main part of the thesis of which lexical and syntactic features will bediscussed and analyzed in this part. Word length, sentence length, wordlist and some other wordfrequency will be listed and analyzed in detail.
Chapter 6 draws a conclusion of the thesis, which gives a summary to the whole paper.Besides the major findings of the study, it also points out the limitations and difficulties of thepresent study.
2 CONTENTS
Abstract in Chinese
Abstract in English
1 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Significance of the Study
1.3 Layout of the Thesis
2 Literature Review
2.1 Studies on Business English Correspondence Abroad and at Home
2.2 Studies based on Corpus Linguistics Abroad and at Home
2.3 Summary
3 Theoretical Framework
3.1 Writing Principles of Business English Correspondence
3.2 Lexical Grammar
3.3 Syntactic Theory
4 Methodology
4.1 Corpus-Based Approach
4.2 Research Instruments
4.3 Research Procedures
4.3.1 Data Collection
4.3.2 Data Clean-up
4.3.3 Tokenization
4.3.4 Lemmatization
4.3.5 Part-of-speech Tagging
5 Results and Discussions
5.1 Syntactic Complexity Analysis
5.1.1 Analysis of Word Length and Sentence Length
5.1.2 Contrastive Analysis between Content Words and Function Words
5.1.3 Contrastive Analysis between Simple Sentence and Complex Sentence
5.2 Syntactic Pattern Analysis
5.2.1 Passive Voice
5.2.2 Interrogative Sentence
5.2.3 Subjunctive Mood
5.3 Syntactic Feature Analysis
5.3.1 Syntactic Feature of Letters of Request and Comfirmation
5.3.2 Syntactic Feature of Letters of Acceptance and Refusal
5.3.3 Syntactic Feature of Letters of Appreciation and Apology
6 Conclusion
6.1 Major Findings
6.2 Implications for the Study
6.3 Limitations
Acknowledgement
References
Appendix
Papers published in the period of Ph. M. education
进度安排
1.Collecting the related materials and designing theresearch, data analysis: Sep.1st-Dec.31st,20xx
2.Writing the first draft: Jan.1st- Feb.31st, 20xx
3.Writing the second draft:Mar. 1st- Apr. 31st,20xx
4.Writing the final draft: May. 1st- May.31st,20xx
5.Preparing for defense of the thesis: June.1st- June31st,20xx
References
[1] Dudley-Evans,T. and St John,M.J. (1998)。 Developments in English for Specific Purposes: AMulti-Disciplinary Approach[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press:1.
[2] Corbluth,J.D. (1975)。 English or 'Special English'[J]. English Language Teaching Journal24/4:277-286.
[3] Strevens,Peter. (1977)。 New Orientations in the Teaching of English[M]. Oxford:OxfordUniversity Press:72.
[4] Nelson,M. (20xx)。 A corpus-based study of Business English and Business English TeachingMaterials[D]. Unpublished Ph D Thesis. University of Manchester.
[5]胡春雨。语料库与商务英语词汇研究[J].广东外语外贸大学学报， 20xx(2)：55-58.
[6]胡春雨。基于商务英语语料库的RATE搭配特征研究[J].北京第二外国语学院学报20xx(02)：6-12.
[7]陈建平。外贸函电中缩略词的构词特征及使用要求[J].河海大学学报(哲学社会科学版)，20xx(02)：78-80.
[8]江进林，许家金。基于语料库的商务英语语域特征多维分析[J].外语教学与研究，20xx(02)：225-236+320.
[9] Pickett,D(1986b)Business English: Falling Between Two Styles[J]. COMLON 26:16-21.
[10] Johnson. C.(1993)。 Business English State-of-the-Art Article[J]. Language Teaching 26:201-209.
[11] Brieger,N. (1997) Teaching Business English Handbook[M]. York:York Associates.
[12]吴朋，秦家慧。构建商务英语学科教学知识的研究框架[J].外语界，20xx(02)：18-24+48.
[13]陈坚林，赵学旻。关于编制商务英语立体教材的探讨[J].外语电化教学，20xx(03)：44-47.
[14]陈准民，王立非。解读《高等学校商务英语专业本科教学要求》(试行)[J].中国外语，20xx(04)：4-11+21.
[15] Francis,W. N. (1992) Language Corpora B.C. In Svartvik, J. (ed) Directions in CorpusLinguistics, Proceedings of Nobel Symposium 82 Stockholm, 4-8 August 1991. Berlin,NewYork:Mouton de Gruyter:17.
[16] Kennedy,G. An Introduction to Corpus Linguistics [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teachingand Research Press,20xx:1.
[17]杨惠中。语料库语言学导论[M].上海，上海外语教育出版社，20xx:33.
[18]曹合建，朱建忠，陈满生。基于语料库的商务英语研究[M].上海，上外外语教育出版社，20xx:40.
[19] Sinclair, J. Corpus, Concordance, Collocation[M]. (1991) Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[20]胡显耀，曾佳。对翻译小说语法标记显化的语料库研究[J].外语研究，20xx(05)：72-79.
[21]胡显耀。用语料库研究翻译普遍性[J].解放军外国语学院学报，20xx(03)：45-48+81.
[22]严明。商务英语语料库开发与应用研究[M].北京，中国商务出版社，20xx:8.
[23]张军，李文中。 COLEC中动名搭配模式及失误分析[J].外语教学，20xx(4)：30-32.
[24]张继东，刘萍。中国大学生英语写作中的使役结构及相应的.词化现象调查与分析[J].外语研究，20xx(3)：35-39.
[25]梁茂成，中国大学生英语笔语中的情态序列研究[J].外语教学与研究(1)：51-58.
[26]肖忠华，曹雁。中外作者科技论文英文摘要多维度语步对比研究[J].外语教学与研究，20xx(02)：260-272+321.
[27]王惠。 “精加工”平行语料库在翻译教学中的应用[J].中国翻译， 20xx(01)：50-54.
[28] David,C. Putting 'Putting Verbs' to the Test of Corpora [A]. K. Aijmer, B. Altenberg,Advances in Corpus Linguistics [C]. Beijing: World Publishing Corporation,20xx.
[29] Grant,L. A Corpus Comparison of the Use of I don't know by British and New ZealandSpeakers[J]. Journal of Pragmatics,20xx(vol. 42)。
[30] Cheng,W. 20xx. Exploring Corpus Linguistics: Language in Action[M]. London/ New York:Routledge:101.
[31] Sinclair,J. 20xx. Trust the Text: Language, Corpus and Discourse [M]. London/ New York:Routledge: 165-169.
[32] Chomsky,N. (1981)。 Lectures on Government and Binding[M]. Dordrecht:Foris:5.
[33] Chomsky,N.(20xxc)。 The architecture of language[M]. Nirmalangshu Mukherji,Bibudhendra Naraya Patnaik & Rama Kant Agihotri(ed)。 Oxford: Oxford University Press:54.
[34] Douglas Biber,Susan Conrad and Randi Reppen,Corpus Linguistics: Investigating LanguageStructure and Use[M]. Cambridge University Press,1998:4.
[35] Hunston,Susan. (20xx)。 Corpora in Allied Linguistics[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge UniversityPress,5.
[36] Carter,R,Mc Carthy,M. Grammar and Spoken Language[J]. Applied Linguistics,1995(vol.16)。
[37] Leech,G.(1991)The State-of-the-Art in Corpus Linguistics in Aijmer,K. & Altenberg, B.(eds) English Corpus Linguistics, Studies in Honour of Jan Svartvik. London and New York:Longman:10.
[38]梁茂成，李文中，许家金。语料库应用教程[M].北京，外语教学与研究出版社，20xx:10.
[39] Tribble,C. (1998)。 Genres, Keywords, Teaching: Towards a Pedagogic Account of theLanguage of Project Proposals.Talk given at the Teaching and Learning with Corpora(TALC)Conference,June 1998. Oxford UK. Published in Burnrard,L.(ed)Teachingand Language Corpora 98. Proceedings of the 1998 TALC Conference,Oxford:7.
[40] Halliday,M. A. K. (1994)。 Introduction to Functional Grammar[M]. London,Arnold,352.[41]向明友。试论英语虚拟语气的语法化[J].外语学刊，20xx(6)：84-89.
● 英语毕业论文开题报告怎么写
系别：外语系 专业：英 语 所选题目名称：
English Idioms and Their Cohesive Function
课题研究现状：
English idioms are an important part of the English vocabulary. The general tendencies of presentday English are towards more idiomatic usages. Halliday and Hason （1976） pointed out that there are three functions of English idioms （ideational function, interpersonal function and textual function）。 Another scholar, Fernando C. （1996）， also made valuable contributions to the understanding of idiomatic expression_r of coherent text, and in the creation of stylistic effects.
Chinese linguists like Hu Zhuanglin （1994, 1996）， Zhu Yongsheng （1995, 1996, 1997） and Zhang Delu （1994） mainly made contributions to the study of textual cohesion.
课题研究目的：
This paper is firstly intended to define English idioms and analyze the features of them. It then explores the cohesive function after careful analysis and discussion, attempting to arouse the concern of using idioms appropriately and help readers make full use of the cohesive function for communicating more concisely and idiomatically, thus more effectively.
课题研究内容：
As English idioms are much alive in everyday English, a close look at the function of idioms must be taken. This dissertation includes the following five aspects: 1. Introduction.
2. A General Study of English Idioms 2.1 The Definition of English Idioms 2.2 Features of English Idioms.
3. Cohesive Function of English Idioms 3.1 Cohesion.
3.2 Functional Categories.
3.3 Cohesive Function of Relational Idioms 3.4 Cohesive Function of Other Idioms.
4. The Cohesive Function in Terms of Syntax And Pragmatics 4.1 Syntactic Cohesion 4.2 Pragmatic Function 5. Conclusion.
课题研究计划：
January 22March 10: question posing of the research and collection of materials March 11March 25: analysis of the materials and writing of an outline.
March 26April 30: completion of the first draft and seeking supervisor’s advice May 1?June 10: refinement of the paper according to teacher’s suggestion.
June 11?June 22: finalization of the thesis based on the set requirements after the defence.
主要参考文献：
Fernando, C. Idioms and Idiomaticity. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2000
Halliday, M.A.K. and R. Hason. Cohesion in English. Longman Press, 1985
Lakoff, G. and M. Johnson. Metaphors We Live By. University of Chicago Press, 1980
Makkai, A. Idiom Structure in English. The Hague Press,1972
林承璋。 英语词汇学引论. 武汉大学出版社，1987
陆国强。 现代英语词汇学. 上海外语教育出版社， 1999
汪榕培， 卢晓娟。 英语词汇学教程. 上海外语教育出版社， 1999
指导教师意见：
签字：**年**月**日
领导小组意见：***
● 英语毕业论文开题报告怎么写
Research Status:
Study of color words has long attracted linguists attention.The bright lights of the objective world and for humankind as a whole are the same,but the national language or in different books of different ages or different geographical dialects often be found to have different understanding about color words.This concentrated and fully prove that language is the result of human cognition to understand and express the objective world,different groups of people in cognitive understanding and expression of the world,due to the different natural environment,social life,cultural traditions.Study of color words in different languages between the similarities and differences.The same object can look at how the differences in cognitive terms showing similarities and differences between how the social and cultural differences and further expansion of the semantic differences,which for the cognitive linguistics,comparative linguistics and culture,linguistics,and on second language teaching of applied linguistics has an important significance..
Research Tendency:
21st centurys color words study should stress the originality on research based on the achievements of the previous scholars,domestic or abroad.The study should keep track of the latest development of color words,making breakthrough,upgrading the research quality.